High Yields Marred by Seed Weight Concerns
India’s debut genetically modified mustard, Dhara Mustard Hybrid (DMH-11), despite showcasing commendable yield and oil content, hasn’t met the seed weight criteria for commercial release. Field trials by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) showed a yield of roughly 0.26 kg per hectare and 40% oil content. However, the seed weight of DMH-11 was 3.5 grams per 1,000 seeds, below the required 4.5 grams.
A Tug-of-War: Environmental Concerns vs. Agricultural Progress
The weight discrepancy has stirred debate. Some experts see it as non-critical, while others believe it could affect yields, especially given the declining trend of manual harvesting due to labour shortages. Legally, the government’s bid to expand field trials beyond the initial six venues was denied by the Supreme Court, citing environmental concerns. Despite this, the government aims to continue field trials but holds off on commercial release.
Weight Debate: A Technological Quandary
Views on the weight concern differ. Some don’t see weight as a major factor, while others express concerns about impacts on mechanically harvested yields. The issue fundamentally ties back to the technological and genetic components of the crop.
Submission of Findings and Government Proposals: Awaiting the Court’s Verdict: Next Steps for GM Mustard
ICAR’s findings have been relayed to the Attorney General, with a Supreme Court hearing set for October 10. The court’s decision on GM mustard is eagerly awaited, especially with opposition from entities like Gene Campaign and activist Aruna Rodrigues. The government has proposed two approaches: an expert committee overseeing trials or continued research at eight of the previous ten ICAR sites.
DMH-11 Testing and Safety Assessment
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) authorized the “environmental release” of DMH-11 for trials under ICAR in October 2022. The GM variety, developed by Delhi University, showed a yield boost of 28% compared to national benchmarks. Existing hybrids yield 22 to 28 quintals per hectare regionally. Comprehensive studies verify DMH-11’s safety for cultivation and consumption, with recent GEAC findings praising its robustness and adaptability.In a nutshell, India’s GM mustard, DMH-11, shows promising yields but faces hurdles in seed weight criteria and legal challenges, leaving its commercial future hanging in the balance.
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