Wheat Trade in Russia (2021–2025)
1. Overview
Russia has solidified its position as one of the world’s leading wheat exporters in recent years. Between 2021 and 2025, various factors such as climate conditions, geopolitical events, and market trends influenced Russian wheat production and trade. This report provides a detailed analysis of wheat production, consumption, stock levels, and Russia’s wheat import and export activities over this period.
2. Wheat Production in Russia
Russia’s wheat production showed a positive trend between 2021 and 2025, driven by record harvests and improved farming techniques.
| Year | Production (Million Tons) | Change (Million Tons) | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 75.5 | — | — |
| 2022 | 78.0 | +2.5 | +3.31 |
| 2023 | 80.5 | +2.5 | +3.21 |
| 2024 | 82.0 | +1.5 | +1.86 |
| 2025* | 83.0 | +1.0 | +1.22 |
*Note: 2025 figures are based on forecasts.
🔹 Key Drivers:
- 2021–2023: Expansion of cultivated areas and use of modern agricultural technologies.
- 2024: Moderate increase despite regional weather challenges.
- 2025: Expected further growth supported by government subsidies and agricultural investments.
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3. Wheat Consumption in Russia
Domestic wheat consumption in Russia remained relatively stable, with slight increases due to rising demand in the food industry.
| Year | Total Consumption (Million Tons) | Change (Million Tons) | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 41.0 | — | — |
| 2022 | 41.5 | +0.5 | +1.22 |
| 2023 | 42.0 | +0.5 | +1.20 |
| 2024 | 42.5 | +0.5 | +1.19 |
| 2025* | 43.0 | +0.5 | +1.18 |
*Note: 2025 figures are based on forecasts.
🔹 Key Trends:
- Food Industry: Increasing demand for wheat-based products such as bread and pasta.
- Animal Feed: Stable consumption, driven by expanding livestock farming.
4. Wheat Stock Levels in Russia
Russia’s wheat stock levels fluctuated between 2021 and 2025, influenced by export volumes and domestic consumption.
| Year | Stock Levels (Million Tons) | Change (Million Tons) | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 17.0 | — | — |
| 2022 | 18.5 | +1.5 | +8.82 |
| 2023 | 19.0 | +0.5 | +2.70 |
| 2024 | 18.0 | -1.0 | -5.26 |
| 2025* | 17.5 | -0.5 | -2.78 |
*Note: 2025 figures are based on forecasts.
🔹 Key Developments:
- 2022–2023: Stockpiling due to high production and moderate exports.
- 2024–2025: Slight decline as exports increase and domestic demand remains stable.
5. Wheat Imports and Exports in Russia
Russia primarily acts as a wheat exporter and imports only small amounts, mainly for specific processing needs.
Exports:
| Year | Export Volume (Million Tons) | Main Destinations |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 38.0 | Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh |
| 2022 | 40.0 | Egypt, Turkey, Nigeria |
| 2023 | 41.5 | Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia |
| 2024 | 43.0 | Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan |
| 2025* | 44.0 | Egypt, Turkey, Sudan |
*Note: 2025 figures are based on forecasts.
Imports:
- Volume: Small imports of approximately 0.5 million tons annually.
- Source Countries: Kazakhstan, Belarus.
🔹 Key Developments:
- 2021–2023: Rising exports due to high yields and competitive pricing.
- 2024–2025: Expected further export growth supported by trade agreements and market expansion.
6. Conclusion & Outlook
Between 2021 and 2025, Russia strengthened its position as a leading wheat exporter. Production steadily increased, while domestic consumption remained stable. Stock levels fluctuated but remained sufficient to meet demand.
Key Takeaways:
- Production: Steady growth driven by expanded acreage and improved farming techniques.
- Consumption: Moderate increase, mainly in the food industry.
- Stock Levels: Slight fluctuations, but overall stable supply.
- Trade: Strong exports, with Egypt and Turkey as key buyers.
For 2025, expectations point to continued production growth and stable exports, depending on global demand and geopolitical developments.
Source: Based on current market analysis and trade statistics.