Pollination Is the Most Influential Factor in the Date Production

Pollination of 2,000,000 date palms of Abadan city in Khuzestan province has started. Date palm pollination is of importance economically and to produce high-quality dates.

Pollination plays a major role

Date pollination is an essential operation that plays a role in the quality and quantity of the product. Pollination of 2,000,000 date palms is done according to the early and late maturing varieties of dates. Date palm is a dioecious plant, and male and female flowers are located on separate plants. Pollination plays a major role in the production, quality, and quantity of dates. For pollination, pollen grains must be transferred from the male flowers to the stigmas of the female flowers. They are transferred naturally by wind and insects, and it is done artificially by a human. Pollination must be done manually by palm growers to have economic and proper performance. Date seeds are placed in a wooden sheath. When they are ripe, the pollination process begins.

Pollination is done by human power

The pollination of palm groves in Abadan is done by human power with the pollen of the Ghanami variety. Abadan has 12,671 hectares of palm groves. The pollination of these groves continues until the end of April. The Ghanami variety is the most significant date variety of Abadan for preparing male pollen. 70 percent of Abadan’s palm groves are Sayer (Estameran). 20 percent of the palm groves include Barhi dates, and the remaining 10 percent are related to other types. Most of the palm groves of Abadan are located on the banks of the Bahmanshir and Arvand rivers.

Key points

For a better effect, date palm pollination should be done between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM when the temperature is between 21 °C to 27 °C. Temperature plays an important role. Accordingly, the temperature of 27 °C is the most suitable temperature for pollination and insemination. When the temperature is lower or higher than 27 °C, pollen grain germination and the growth rate of the pollen tube decrease, which causes the rate of insemination and production of the date palm to decline. Therefore, palm growers must be careful enough during pollination to produce a quality product.

The prices of Iran’s export dates in the world markets have increased compared to the last 7 weeks. Due to the arrival of the month of Ramadan in Iran and Islamic countries, the domestic and export demand for dates produced in Iran increased, which caused the price of this product to increase in the domestic market of Iran and then in the international markets. Also, compared to the last 7 weeks, due to the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia to reopen embassies and resume political and commercial relations, the prices of foreign currencies in the Iranian market decreased. These two factors caused the price of dates produced in Iran to increase between 13 and 17 percent in the world markets.

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