Early Flowering of Almond Trees in Saman City

Almonds trees of Saman city have flowered 15 days before spring, which has raised the risk of frostbite and economic losses of horticultural crops in the city. The frostbite of almond trees is one of the main problems of gardeners in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Every year almond trees face the risk of frostbite in many parts of the province, especially Saman County. Frostbites include spring late-frost and early autumn frost in terms of onset of the cold temperature. Most almond trees in the region can tolerate temperatures to -21℃. In this case, trees are in physiological sleep, and rarely there is a risk of frostbite. However, the probability of spring late-frost is much higher, especially in cold areas. Therefore, frostbite of agricultural products, which is called spring frost, will be more likely for almond trees in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Saman County. In many years, the frostbite has been repeated in an area even more than once and has caused numerous losses to farmers. In general, fruitful trees are more sensitive to frostbite in the fruit formation stage. Therefore, farmers always take steps to prevent frostbite, such as using outdoor garden heaters, foliar application with specific materials, creating windbreak around gardens, creating smoke to reduce radiation, and gardens irrigation.

There are 17.250 hectares of almond gardens in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, of which about 10.000 hectares of these gardens are in Saman. The late-flowering kinds of almond trees like Shahroud types come into flower about twenty days later than the other types. But gardeners do not pay attention to these products because they are not customer-friendly, and the economic value should be considered. Farmers of Saman are turning white almonds and bitter almonds to Mamae type and late-flowering Shahroud almonds due to the warming of the weather in winter and frostbites. If the weather gets cold in the coming days, there is a possibility to delay the blossoms of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari trees, especially in Saman.

Some almond trees are flowering due to climate warming, especially near the Zayandeh Rud river in Saman County. The cause of the early bloom of almond trees is hot weather at the end of the year in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari. In the previous years, Almond gardens suffered frostbite and damage in Saman and some other parts of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari due to the warm weather in the winter, the early flowering of trees, and then a period of cold weather. Last year, a large part of almond gardens suffered from frostbites, and part of the almonds fell from the tree from March 21st to April 4th due to the cold weather of the spring. Also, tourists may harm almond trees on the Nowruz holidays to take pictures of early blossoms.

The price of Iranian almonds has increased in global markets due to a decline in foreign exchange rates against Rials. The foreign currency prices have been reduced due to the positive process of talks between Iran, the United States, and the other members of JCPOA. Over the past month, foreign currency prices have declined because of the hope of returning Iran and the United States to the agreement and the removal of U.S. sanctions, which led to an increase in the price of Iranian products, including almonds in global markets. Compared to last month, the cost of almond kernels has increased by about 8 to 9 percent, and the price of all kinds of shelled almonds has risen by about 7 percent.

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